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Journal Issue: Domestic Violence and Children Volume 9 Number 3 Winter 1999

Emerging Strategies in the Prevention of Domestic Violence
Authors: David A. Wolfe Peter G. Jaffe

Endnotes

  1. Wolfe, D.A., Wekerle, C., and Scott, K. Alternatives to violence: Empowering youth to develop healthy relationships. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997.
  2. For example, in the past decade, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers have begun to recognize the links between domestic violence and child psychopathology. See Jaffe, P.G., Wolfe, D.A., and Wilson, S. Children of battered women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1990. In addition, the number of shelters for battered women and their children has increased dramatically, as has the number of laws addressing intervention in domestic violence. See Peled, E., Jaffe, P.G., and Edleson, J.L. Ending the cycle of violence: Community response to children of battered women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.
  3. Millstein, S.G., Petersen, A.C., and Nightingale, E.O. Adolescent health promotion: Rationale, goals, and objectives. In Promoting the health of adolescents: New directions for the twenty-first century. S.G. Millstein, A.C. Petersen, and E.O. Nightingale, eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 3-10; Sherman, L.W., Gottfredson, D.C., MacKenzie, D.L., et al. Preventing crime: What works, what doesn't, what's promising. National Institute of Justice, Research in Brief. Washington, DC: NIJ, July 1998; Hamilton, N., and Bhatti, T. Population health promotion: An integrated model of population health and health promotion. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1996; Wallerstein, N. Powerlessness, empowerment, and health: Implications for health promotion programs. American Journal of Health Promotion (1992) 6:197-205.
  4. Andrews, D., Leschied, A.W., and Hoge, R.D. Review of the profile, classification, and treatment literature with young offenders. Toronto, Ontario: Ministry of Community and Social Services, November 1992; see also Sugarman, D.B., Aldarondo, E., and Boney-McCoy, S. Risk marker analysis of husband-to-wife violence: A continuum of aggression. Journal of Applied Social Psychology (1996) 26:313-37; and note no. 1, Wolfe, Wekerle, and Scott, pp. 38-40.
  5. Cicchetti, D., and Tucker, D. Development and self-regulatory structures of the mind. Development and Psychopathology (1994) 6:533-49.
  6. Rosenbaum, A., and Hoge, S.K. Head injury and marital aggression. American Journal of Psychiatry (1989) 146:1948-51.
  7. Perry, B.D. Incubated in terror: Neurodevelopmental factors in the "cycle of violence." In Children in a violent society. J.D. Osofsky, ed. New York: Guilford Press, 1997, pp. 123-49.
  8. Dutton, D. Male abusiveness in intimate relationships. Clinical Psychology Review (1995) 15:367-581; see also Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Stuart, G.L., and Hutchinson, G. Violent versus nonviolent husbands: Differences in attachment patterns, dependency, and jealousy. Journal of Family Psychology (1997) 11:314-31.
  9. Magdol, L., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., et al. Gender differences in partner violence in a birth cohort of 21-year-olds: Bridging the gap between clinical and epidemiological approaches. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (1997) 65:68-78; see also Farrington, D.P. Childhood, adolescent, and adult features of violent males. In Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives. L.R. Huesmann, ed. New York: Plenum Press, 1994, pp. 215-40.
  10. Cahn, D.D., and Lloyd, S.A., eds. Family violence from a communication perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996; see also Heyman, R.E., and Neidig, P.H. Physical aggression couples treatment. In Clinical handbook of marriage and couples interventions. W.K. Halford and H.J. Markman, eds. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons, 1997, pp. 589-617.
  11. Emery, R.E., and Laumann-Billings, L. An overview of the nature, causes, and consequences of abusive family relationships: Toward differentiating maltreatment and violence. American Psychologist (1998) 53:121-35.
  12. Hotaling, G.T., and Sugarman, D.B. An analysis of risk markers in husband to wife violence: The current state of knowledge. Violence and Victims (1986) 1:101-24; see also note no. 2, Jaffe, Wolfe, and Wilson, pp. 55-75.
  13. Wolfe, D.A. Child abuse: Implications for child development and psychopathology. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1999; see also Riggs, D.S., and O'Leary, K.D. A theoretical model of courtship aggression. In Violence in dating relationships. M.A. Pirog-Good and J.E. Stets, eds. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1989, pp. 53-71.
  14. Canadian Panel on Violence Against Women. Changing the landscape: Ending violence-achieving equality (final report). Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1993.
  15. Family Violence Prevention Fund. Domestic violence advertising campaign tracking survey. San Francisco: FVPF, 1998.
  16. Dutton, D.G. The domestic assault of women: Psychological and criminal justice perspectives. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press, 1994.
  17. Holden, G.W., Geffner, R., and Jouriles, E.N., eds. Children exposed to marital violence: Theory, research, and applied issues. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1998; see also Straus, M.A., and Gelles, R.J., eds. Physical violence in American families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1990.
  18. Lorion, R.P., Myers, T.G., Bartels, C., et al. Preventive intervention research: Pathways for extending knowledge of child/adolescent health and pathology. In Advances in clinical child psychology. Vol. 16. T.H. Ollendick and R.J. Prinz, eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1994, pp. 109-39; see also Gordon, R.S. An operational classification of disease prevention. In Preventing mental disorders: A research perspective. J.A. Steinberg and M.M. Silverman, eds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987, pp. 20-26.
  19. See note no. 3, Millstein, Petersen, and Nightingale, pp. 3-10.
  20. See note no. 3, Sherman, Gottfredson, MacKenzie, et al., pp. 1-8.
  21. Albee, G. The argument for primary prevention. Journal of Primary Prevention (1985) 5:213-19.
  22. Scarr, S. Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences. Child Development (1992) 63:1-19.
  23. Cicchetti, D., and Lynch, M. Failures in the expectable environment and their impact on indi-vidual development: The case of child maltreatment. In Developmental psychopathology. Volume 2: Risk, disorder, and adaptation. D. Cicchetti and D.J. Cohen, eds. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1995, pp. 32-71.
  24. Aronen, E.T., and Kurkela, S.A. Long-term effects of an early home-based intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1996) 35:1665-72.
  25. Wekerle, C., and Wolfe, D.A. Prevention strategies for child abuse and neglect: Promising new directions. Clinical Psychology Review (1993) 13:501-40.
  26. An illustration of the importance of early intervention in preventing negative child outcomes can be seen in the 15-year follow-up study by Olds, D., Eckenrode, J., Henderson, C.R., et al. Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association (1997) 278:637-43; see also Siegel, E., Bauman, K.E., Schaefer, E.S., et al. Hospital and home support during infancy: Impact on maternal attachment, child abuse and neglect, and health care utilization. Pediatrics (1980) 66:183-90.
  27. Barrera, M.E., Rosenbaum, P.L., and Cunningham, C.E. Early home intervention with low birth weight infants and their parents. Child Development (1986) 57:20-33; see also Field, T.M., Widmayer, S.M., Greenberg, R., et al. Effects of parent training on teenage mothers and their infants. Pediatrics (1982) 69:703-7.
  28. Affleck, G., Tennen, H., Rowe, J., et al. Effects of formal support on mothers' adaptation to the hospital-to-home transition of high-risk infants: The benefits and costs of helping. Child Development (1989) 60:488-501; see also Barnard, K.E., Magyary, D., Summer, G., et al. Prevention of parenting alternatives for women with low social support. Psychiatry (1989) 51:248-53; Seitz, V., Rosenbaum, L.K., and Apfel, N.H. Effects of family support intervention: A ten-year follow-up. Child Development (1985) 56:376-91.
  29. Family Violence Prevention Fund. Child abuse and domestic violence prevention: Finding the nexus. Minutes from a national meeting. June 3, 1996. Available by contacting FVPF at (415) 252-8900.
  30. For an overview of these issues in schools, see Sudermann, M., and Jaffe, P. Prevention of general violence and violence against women: School and community-based strategies. In Determinants of health: Settings and issues. National Forum on Health, ed. Sainte-Foy, Quebec: Editions MultiMondes, 1998; see also note no. 2, Peled, Jaffe, and Edleson, pp. 209-31.
  31. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. Family violence: Emerging programs for battered mothers and their children. Reno, NV: NCJFCJ, 1998.
  32. See note no. 30, Sudermann and Jaffe, pp. 273-310.
  33. See note no. 2, Peled, Jaffe, and Edleson, pp. 209-31.
  34. For example, the Women's Center and Shelter of Greater Pittsburgh has developed extensive violence prevention programs for public school children between kindergarten and grade 12. Through collaboration with evaluators in public health, a major study has been recently undertaken to assess the impact of this and other comprehensive programs on students. Descriptive findings to date point to promising outcomes that support this initiative. For more information regarding the Pittsburgh program and the comprehensive study, contact the Women's Center and Shelter of Greater Pittsburgh, P.O. Box 9024, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.
  35. Sudermann, M., Jaffe, P., and Schieck, E. A.S.A.P.: A school-based anti-violence program. London, Ontario: London Family Court Clinic, 1996.
  36. Crockett, L.J., and Petersen, A.C. Adolescent development: Health risks and opportunities for health promotion. In Promoting the health of adolescents: New directions for the twenty-first century. S.G. Millstein, A.C. Petersen, and E.O. Nightingale, eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 13-37.
  37. Furman, W., and Buhrmester, D. Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships. Child Development (1992) 63:103-15.
  38. Sanderson, C.A., and Cantor, N. Social dating goals in late adolescence: Implications for safer sexual activity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1995) 68:1121-34.
  39. Dryfoos, J.G. Adolescents at risk: A summation of work in the field-programs and policies. Journal of Adolescent Health (1991) 12:630-37.
  40. These youth-initiated activities occurred in the A.S.A.P. program in London, Ontario. See note no. 35, Sudermann, Jaffe, and Schieck, pp. 23-25.
  41. These six programs are reviewed in Wekerle, C., and Wolfe, D.A. Dating violence in mid-adolescence: Empowering youth to promote healthy relationships. Clinical Psychology Review (June 1999) 19:435-56; see also Pittman, A., Wolfe, D.A., and Wekerle, C. Strategies for evaluating dating violence prevention programs. In Program evaluation and family violence research. S. Ward and D. Finkelhor, eds. New York: Haworth Press, in press.
  42. Klein, E., Campbell, J., Soler, E., et al. Ending domestic violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997.
  43. These findings may have been affected by the extensive publicity about the O.J. Simpson trial that dominated the media during this period. However, a public opinion poll of 4,000 men, women, and adolescents in Canada yielded similar results. See note no. 14, Canadian Panel on Violence Against Women. The Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women (LACAAW) conducts public education campaigns similar to that of the Family Violence Prevention Fund. Although there is no systematic evaluation of these efforts to date, anecdotal reports show a sharp increase, following these campaigns, in the number of requests for domestic violence services by victims. Further information can be obtained from the LACAAW by contacting Leah Aldridge at (213) 955-9090.
  44. See note no. 3, Sherman, Gottfredson, MacKenzie, et al.; see also Waller, I., Welsh, B.C., and Sansfaçon, D. Crime prevention digest 1997: Successes, benefits, and directions from seven countries. Ottawa: International Center for the Prevention of Crime, 1997.
  45. Earls, F. Linking community factors and individual development. Research Preview. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, September 1998.
  46. Levine, M. The history and politics of community mental health. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.